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Dig a well

  • 1 ὀρύσσω

    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `to dig (up, in, out), to scrape, to bury'.
    Other forms: att. - ττω, late - χω (Arat.), ipv. - γε (Seriphos), aor. ὀρύξαι, fut. ὀρύξω (Hom.), pass. aor. ὀρυχθῆναι, fut. ὀρυχθήσομαι, perf. ὀρώρυγμαι (IA.; w. prefix κατ-ώρυγμαι). Act. ὀρώρυχα (Att.), Aor. 2. ὀρυγεῖν, pass. ὀρυγῆναι (late).
    Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. κατ-, δι-, ἀν-, περι-.
    Derivatives: 1. backformation ὄρυξ, - υγος m. `pickaxe' (AP), usu. name of an Egyptian and Libyan (also Indian) gazelle or antelope (Arist., LXX), seemingly after the pointed horns, but rather folketym. transformed LW [loanword]; also name of a great fish (Str.; s. Thompson Fishes s.v.). Of the prefixcompp. κατ-ῶρυξ (ω comp. length.), - υχος `buried, dug in, underground', as subst. f. `grave' (trag.); dat. pl. κατω-ρυχέεσσι ( λάεσσι, λίθοισι ζ 267, ι 185), rather metr. enlarged than from κατωρυχής; δι-ῶρυξ, - υχος, late mostly - υγος f. `ditch, channel, mine' (Ion., Th., Tab. Heracl., pap.). 2. ( δι-, ὑπ-)όρυγμα n. `hole, grave' (IA.); 3. ὀρυγμός m. `id.' (Priene). 4. ( δι-)ορυχή f. (- ωρ-) `the digging' (D., Delos), also - γή (LXX). 5. ( κατ-, ἐπ-, ὑπ-)όρυξις f. `id.' (Arist.). 6. ὀρυκτή f. = ὄρυγμα (Ph.). 7. ὀρυκ-τήρ m. `miner' (Zeno Stoic.), - της m. `digger, tool for digging' (Aesop., Str.); ( δι-) ορυκτρίς f. adjunct of χελώνη `mine protection roof' (Poliorc.). 8. ὀρυγεύς fossorium (Gloss.).
    Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [868] * h₃reu-k-? `dig up, grub'
    Etymology: The general basis of all verbal forms and derived nouns is a stem ὀρυχ-; the media in ὀρυγ- is secondary (cf. Schwyzer 715 a. 760); secondary is also the present ὀρύχω (Schw. 684 f.). -- Without exact agreement outside Greek. As ὀ- can be `prothetic', we can explain the primary yot-present ὀρύσσω from *ὀρυχ-ι̯ω \< * h₃rugh- and compare the nasalinfixed secondary formation Lat. runcō, - āre `weed out, root up', to which a.o. runcō, - ōnis m. `weeding hook', as well as Latv. rūkēt `dig, scrape'; also the primary Skt. luñcati `pluck off' (with l from IE r) can belong here. To be considered further several isolated verbal nouns, esp. from Celtic, e.g. Ir. rucht (\< * ruk-tu-) `swine', pop. *"grubber"; from Alban. rrah `excavation, reclaimed land' IE * rouk-so- (Restelli Ist. Lomb. 91, 475). The aspiration, seen only in Greek, can be expressive or analogical. -- (If one separates the velar as a formative element, we can compare οὑροί m. pl. `trench' (s.v.), ὅρος `boundary' ('-furrow'?), the instrument name ὀρυα, poss. also ὀρύα f. `intestine', prop. *"hole"?). Further forms w. rich lit. in WP. 2, 351 ff., Pok. 868ff.
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀρύσσω

  • 2 ὀπισθόγραφος

    A written on the back as well as the front, of papyrus rolls, Plin.Ep.3.5.17, Luc.Vit. Auct.9, Ulp.in Dig.37.11.4, Gloss.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὀπισθόγραφος

  • 3 ἀμάρα

    Grammatical information: f.
    Other forms: ( ἁμ- ?), Ion. ἀμάρη
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
    Etymology: The Hesychius gloss is interesting as it gives a reconstruction for the supposed origin; *ἀμα-ρόη; the idea is incorrect, of course. - Connected with δι-, ἐξ-αμᾶν as meaning `dig out', ἄμη `shovel' (Schulze Q. 365f., Solmsen Wortforschung 194ff.). Crönert s. v. reminds of Cypr. ἀμιραφι. - Now considered cognate with Hitt. amii̯ar(a)- `canal': G. Neumann, Heth. u. luw. Sprachgut 91f, Laroche, BSL 51, XXXIII. (But the words have only am- in common.) Oriental loanword? But it could as well be a word from the Greek-Anatolian substratum. - Cf. also Alb. amë `river-bed, source' and river names like Amantia, Amana, Amara etc., Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 4, 52f. Cf. Kuiper, Nowele 25, 1995, 73-5. This comparison is formally better than that with Hittite. - Cf. ἀμαρία.
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀμάρα

  • 4 θάπτω

    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `bury' (Il.).
    Other forms: Aor. θάψαι, pass. ταφῆναι, also - θῆναι, perf. pass. τέθαμμαι,
    Compounds: also with prefix, e. g. ἐν-, συν-, κατα-,
    Derivatives: τάφος m. `burying, tomb' (Il.), ταφή `id.' (IA); from there thee hypostases ἐν-, ἐπι-τάφιος `belonging to the burial' with ἐνταφιάζω, ἐνταφιαστής (LXX, pap.); ἐπιταφέω `attend a burial' (inscr.); ταφήϊος `belonging to a burial' (Od.), ταφεύς `grave-digger' (S.; s. Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 41), ταφ(ε)ών `(place) of a tomb ' (inscr.), ταφικόν `burial costs' (pap.). - τάφρος f. (on the genus Schwyzer-Debrunner 34 n. 1) `ditch (for fortification etc.)' (Il.) with ταφρεύω `make a ditch' (Att.), from which ταφρ-εία, τάφρ-ευμα, - ευσις, - ευτής; rare τάφρη `id.' (Ion.). - Uncertain θάπτ\<ρ\> α μνῆμα (cod. μυῖα). Κρῆτες H.; s. Latte Glotta 34, 196f.
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [248] * dʰembʰ- `dig'
    Etymology: With the generalized zero grade θαπ-, ταφ- \< *θαφ- agrees Arm. damb-an `tomb', if one starts from IE dhm̥bh- (but the words are not old, s. Clackson, Relationship Arm. Greek, 1994, 120f.); the full grade * dʰembʰ- would have been eliminated in both languages. ( τάφ-ρ-ος: damb-an does not allow to posit an r-n-stem. - Lidén Armen. Stud. 41f. with criticism of older views. - The word could well be a loan: IE origin is uncertain.
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θάπτω

  • 5 περί

    περί (Hom.+) prep. w. gen. and acc., in our lit. not w. dat. (B-D-F §203; Rob. 617; see the lit. s.v. ἀνά, beg.) lit. ‘round about’
    ① w. the gen. to denote the object or pers. to which (whom) an activity or esp. inward process refers or relates, about, concerning
    ⓐ after verbs that denote an oral or written expression or its reception, a mental action, knowing, thinking, recognizing, etc., about, concerning; s. the entries ἀκούω 1c and 3c, ἀναγγέλλω 2 end, ἀπαγγέλλω 1, ἀπολογέομαι, γνωρίζω 1, γογγύζω, γράφω 2c, δηλόω, διαβεβαιόομαι, διαλέγομαι 1, διδάσκω 2d, διηγέομαι, εἶπον 1a, ἐντέλλω, ἐπιστέλλω, κατηχέω, λαλέω 2aγ, λέγω 1bδ; λόγον αἰτεῖν, ἀποδιδόναι, διδόναι, ποιεῖσθαι (s. λόγος 2a); μαρτυρέω 1b, μνημονεύω 1c, ὁμιλέω, πυνθάνομαι, προκαταγγέλλω, προφητεύω, ὑπομιμνῄσκω, χρηματίζομαι; ἀγνοέω 1a, ἀπορέω, ἐπινοέω, ἐπίσταμαι 2, οἶδα 1h, πέπεισμαι (s. πείθω 4), πιστεύω 1aβ. Also used w. the substantives belonging to these verbs or verbs w. similar mngs.: ἀπολογία 2a, γογγυσμός; διήγησις, εὐαγγέλιον, ἦχος 2, πρόφασις, φήμη; s. these entries. γινώσκω J 7:17. συμφωνέω Mt 18:19. τί ὑμῖν δοκεῖ περὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ; what do you think of the Christ? 22:42.
    ⓑ after verbs that express considering, asking, examining, charging, judging, censuring, punishing, praising, etc., on account of, because of, for, concerning. S. the entries ἀποστοματίζω, ἀπορέω, διαπορέω, ἐγκαλέω, εἶδον (3: deliberate concerning), ἐκζητέω 1, ἐλέγχω 2 and 3, ἐξετάζω 1 and 2b, ἐπερωτάω 1a, ἐπιζητέω 1b, ἐρωτάω 1, ζητέω 2, κατηγορέω, παραμυθέομαι.—διαλογίζομαι Lk 3:15. κρίνω J 8:26. λιθάζω 10:33. θεὸν αἰνέω Lk 19:37. περὶ οὗ … οἱ κατήγοροι οὐδεμίαν αἰτίαν ἔφερον his accusers brought no charge of this kind Ac 25:18 (BWeiss, Preuschen take περὶ οὗ w. σταθέντες, which immediately follows it, and understand it to mean ‘around him’, ‘near him’ [περί τινος in this sense IG XIV, 2508, 4]).—S. also the entry ζήτημα.
    ⓒ after verbs that denote emotion. S. the entries ἀγανακτέω, θαυμάζω 1aβ, καυχάομαι, σπλαγχνίζομαι.
    ⓓ after verbs of caring (for). S. the entries μέλει 1b, μεριμνάω, προβλέπω.
    ⓔ after other verbs and expressions, mostly with regard to, with reference to, in relation to, w. respect to εὐλογεῖν Hb 11:20. ἀναβαίνειν περὶ τοῦ ζητήματος go up about the question Ac 15:2. ἐντολὰς λαμβάνειν Col 4:10. ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν 1 Cor 7:37 (s. ἐξουσία 1). περὶ πάντων εὐοδοῦσθαι be well off in all respects 3J 2 (περὶ π.=‘in all resp.’: Pla., Gorg. 23, 467d.—Others take it as ‘above all’; cp. Il. 1, 287; 21, 566).
    ⓕ w. certain verbs and nouns such as ‘ask’, ‘pray’, ‘prayer’, etc., περί introduces the pers. or thing in whose interest the petition is made. Thus it takes the place of ὑπέρ (B-D-F §229, 1; Rob. 618; WSchulze, Zeitschr. für vergl. Sprachforschung 44, 1911, 359: Callim., Epigr. 55, 3.—SIG 1170, 30 περὶ τούτου παρεκάλεσα τὸν θεόν; POxy 1298, 4; 1494, 6; JosAs 28:5 ἐξιλάσομαι αὐτοὺς περὶ ὑμῶν; EpArist 273) for. S. the entries δέομαι b, δέησις, ἐρωτάω 2, παρακαλέω 3. προσεύχεσθαι (Gen 20:7; 1 Km 7:5; 2 Macc 1:6; 15:14) Lk 6:28; Col 1:3 (v.l. ὑπέρ); 4:3; 1 Th 5:25; 2 Th 1:11; 3:1; Hb 13:18. προσευχὴ γίνεται Ac 12:5. Παῦλος ἐσταυρώθη περὶ ὑμῶν; 1 Cor 1:13 v.l. (for ὑπέρ). τὸ αἷμα τὸ περὶ πολλῶν ἐκχυννόμενον Mt 26:28 (cp. Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 730, 29 p. 415, 29 Jac. περὶ τῶν διαδόχων αὐτοῦ ἅπαν … παθεῖν). ἀγῶνα ἔχω περὶ ὑμῶν Col 2:1 v.l. (for ὑπέρ).
    ⓖ when used w. ἁμαρτία the word ‘for’ has the sense to take away, to atone for περὶ ἁμαρτίας (Num 8:8) Ro 8:3 (difft. TThornton, JTS 22, ’71, 515–17). Ἰ. Χρ. τοῦ δόντος ἑαυτὸν περὶ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν Gal 1:4 v.l. (for ὑπέρ; CBreytenbach, Versöhnung ’89, 197). περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν ἔπαθεν 1 Pt 3:18 (v.l. ἀπέθανεν). Cp. Hb 5:3c. προσφορὰ περὶ ἁμαρτίας 10:18. θυσία περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν vs. 26. εἰσφέρεται τὸ αἷμα περὶ ἁμαρτίας 13:11. τὸ περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας (i.e. προσφερόμενον) the sin-offering (Lev 6:23; 14:19) Hb 10:6, 8 (both Ps 39:7).
    ⓗ περί τινος abs. at the beginning of a sentence concerning, with reference to (GrBar 8:6; Just., A I, 15, 1 al.; SIG 736, 1; PEleph 13, 4f; BGU 246, 13; 17; 1097, 5 [c. 50 A.D.]; 1095, 9 [57 A.D.]) περὶ ὧν (=περὶ τούτων ἃ) ἐγράψατε concerning the things you wrote (to me) 1 Cor 7:1 (s. γράφω 2c). Cp. 8:1; 16:1, 12. In other, seemingly similar, places it is to be connected w. the verb that follows: Mt 22:31; 24:36; Mk 12:26; 13:32; 1 Cor 7:25; 8:4; 12:1; 2 Cor 9:1; 1 Th 4:9; 5:1. (Cp. the formulation of answers by Claudius in PLond 1912; on Paul’s rhetorical use, cp. Demosth. 7, 1; 14; 18; 30; 39; MMitchell NovT 31, ’89, 229–56.)
    ⓘ w. the art. τὰ περί τινος what concerns someone or someth., his or its circumstances, situation, condition (X., An. 2, 5, 37 ὅπως μάθοι τὰ περὶ Προξένου; Sir 19:30; TestJob 41:3; JosAs 19:2; GrBar 4:12; Just., A I, 33, 5; Tat. 36, 2) τὰ περὶ (τοῦ) Ἰησοῦ the reports about Jesus, concerning his miracles Mk 5:27; of Jesus’ passion experiences Lk 24:19; of the preaching about Jesus Ac 18:25; cp. 28:31. τὰ περὶ ἑαυτοῦ (αὐτοῦ, ἐμοῦ, ἐμαυτοῦ, ἡμῶν, ὑμῶν) Lk 24:27; Ac 23:11, 15; 24:10; 28:15; Eph 6:22; Phil 1:27; 2:19f; Col 4:8.—τὰ περὶ τῆς βασιλείας τοῦ θεοῦ the things concerning the Kgdm. of God Ac 1:3; 19:8 (v.l. without the art.). τὰ περὶ τῆς ὁδοῦ 24:22 (ὁδός 3c).
    ② w. the acc., gener. in ref. to position rather than mental or emotional considerations as in the use of the gen., about
    ⓐ of place around, about, near (TestJob 40:6 περί τινα φάτνην; 12 περὶ τὴν οἰκίαν; Ath. 25, 1 ἄγγελοι … περὶ τὸν ἀέρα ἔχοντες καὶ τὴν γῆν)
    α. (all) around ἕως ὅτου σκάψω περὶ αὐτήν until I dig (all) around it Lk 13:8. περιαστράψαι φῶς περὶ ἐμέ Ac 22:6b. αἱ παρθένοι ἑστηκυῖαι περὶ τὴν πύλην who stood about the door Hs 9, 3, 2.
    β. of a part of the body around which someth. goes (Heraclid. Pont. Fgm. 55 W. περὶ τὸ μέτωπον; PsSol 2:20 περὶ τὴν κεφαλήν; TestJob 46:9 περὶ τὸ στῆθος; JosAs 3:9 περὶ τὰς χεῖρας): a belt περὶ τὴν ὀσφύν around the waist Mt 3:4; Mk 1:6 (JosAs 14:16); cp. Rv 15:6. A millstone περίκειται περὶ τὸν τράχηλον Mk 9:42; Lk 17:2 (JosAs 18:5); cp. Mt 18:6.
    γ. of nearby places: αἱ περὶ αὐτὰς πόλεις the towns near them (Sodom and Gomorrah) Jd 7. τὰ περὶ τὸν τόπον the region around the place Ac 28:7 (Diod S 1, 50, 6 τὰ π. τὴν Μέμφιν; Strabo 12, 7, 3). Without the art. περὶ Τύρον καὶ Σιδῶνα the neighborhood of T. and S. Mk 3:8.
    δ. of persons who are standing, sitting, working or staying close to someone ὄχλον περὶ αὐτόν Mt 8:18; cp. Mk 9:14. τοὺς περὶ αὐτὸν κύκλῳ καθημένους Mk 3:34; cp. vs. 32. οἱ περὶ αὐτόν those about him, his followers Mk 4:10; Lk 22:49. The central person in the group can be included: οἱ περὶ Παῦλον Paul and his companions Ac 13:13; 21:8 v.l. οἱ περὶ τὸν Πέτρον Peter and those with him short ending of Mark; GHb 356, 38f= ISm 3:2; cp. GHb 22, 39 (Pla., Thu., X.; Diod S 11, 40, 3; 11, 61, 3 οἱ περὶ τὸν Κίμωνα=Cimon and his men; ins, pap; 2 Macc 1:33; 8:30; 4 Macc 2:19; JosAs 26:5; Jos., Bell. 5, 10, Ant. 18, 354 al.; Tat. 36, 1 al.; B-D-F §228; Rob. 620). οἱ περὶ τὸν κεντυρίωνα the centurion and his men GPt 11:45. πρὸς τὰς περὶ Μάρθαν καὶ Μαριάμ J 11:19 v.l. prob. means only the two sisters to Martha and Mary (cp. Phalaris, Ep. 136; Polyb. 4, 36, 6; 21, 11, 2; Diod S 1, 16, 1; 1, 37, 3; 16, 85, 2 οἱ περὶ Χάρητα καὶ Λυσικλέα=Chares and Lysicles [are made generals]; Plut., Tib. Gracch. 825 [2, 3] οἱ περὶ Δροῦσον = Δροῦσος, Pyrrh. 395 [20, 1] οἱ περὶ Γάϊον Φαβρίκιον = Γάϊος Φαβρίκιος; Diog. L. 2, 43 οἱ περὶ Αἰσχύλον=Aeschylus; 2, 105; EpArist 51; Philo, Vi. Cont. 15; Jos., Ant. 13, 187; 15, 370, C. Ap. 1, 17). οἱ π. τὸν Παῦλον Ac 27:1a v.l.=Παῦλος vs. 1b.
    ⓑ of time about, near (Hdt., Thu., X. et al.; PGen 17, 10; PGiss 70, 7; Gen 15:12; Ex 11:4) περὶ τρίτην ὥραν (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 45 §182; TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 11 [Stone p. 12] and B 6 p. 109, 27 [Stone p. 66]; Jos., Vi. 239; cp. 243; PSI 184, 5 χθὲς περὶ ἕκτην ὥραν) about the third hour Mt 20:3. Likew. w. the hour given vs. 5f, 9; 27:46; Ac 10:3 (ὡσεὶ περὶ ὥραν ἐνάτην; ApcMos 17 περὶ ὥραν, ὅταν), 9; cp. Mk 6:48; Ac 22:6a.
    ⓒ of being occupied with (Just., D. 2, 5 χρόνον ἐκτρίβειν περὶ ἐκεῖνα τὰ μαθματα; 8, 3 τῆς περὶ τὸ θεῖον ὁρμῆς; Tat. 27, 3; Ath. 17, 3) περισπᾶσθαι (q.v. 2), θορυβάζεσθαι περί τι Lk 10:40f. οἱ π. τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐργάται the workers who were occupied with such things (s. ἐργάτης 1a) Ac 19:25.
    ⓓ with regard or respect to (Diod S 2, 18, 2 ἡ περὶ αὐτὴν ἀρετή=her valor; Lucian, Vit. Auct. 17 οἱ περὶ μοιχείαν νόμοι; ApcEsdr 1:6 δικάσασθαι … περὶ τὸ γένος τῶν χριστιανῶν; Jos., Ant. 5, 259; Mel., HE 4, 26, 13 σου τὸ σπουδαῖον περὶ τὴν πίστιν) ἀστοχεῖν 1 Ti 6:21; 2 Ti 2:18. ναυαγεῖν 1 Ti 1:19. νοσεῖν have a morbid craving for someth. (s. νοσέω) 6:4. περὶ πάντα in all respects Tit 2:7.—Pol 4:3; παράδοξον περὶ Ἰοῦστον … γέγονος a miracle that took place involving Justus Papias (2:9). On 2 Cl 17:2 s. ἀνάγω 5.—τὰ περὶ ἐμέ my situation, how I am getting along (Menand., Sam. 623 S. [Kö. 278]; UPZ 68, 6 [152 B.C.] τὰ περὶ Ἀπολλώνιον; Just., A I, 54, 2 τὰ περὶ τὸν Χριστόν; Tat. 8, 4 τὰ περὶ σέ; Jos., Ant. 2, 60) Phil 2:23. αἱ π. τὰ λοιπὰ ἐπιθυμίαι desires for other things Mk 4:19.—DELG. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > περί

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